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Pa gawo lapansi
1.Sb/N doped
2. Palibe doping
3.Semiconductor
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Gawo la YAP
1.Katundu wowoneka bwino komanso wakuthupi
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Mtengo wa CdTe
1. High mphamvu kuthetsa
2. Kujambula ndi kuzindikira ntchito
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Gawo la LiNbO3
1.Piezoelectric, photoelectric ndi acousto-optic makhalidwe
2.Low phokoso lamayimbidwe kufala kutayika imfa
3.Low pamwamba amamvekedwe yoweyula kufalitsa liwiro
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Gawo la MgAl2O4
Zida za Microwave
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Gawo la LiTaO3
1.Good electro-optic, piezoelectric ndi pyroelectric properties
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Gawo la LSAT
Kutentha kwakukulu kwa superconductors
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Gawo la TeO2
1.Good birefringence ndi kuwala kozungulira ntchito
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LiAlO2 gawo lapansi
1. Low dielectric constant
2. Low Microwave kutaya
3. Kutentha kwambiri kwa superconducting filimu yopyapyala
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Gawo la BaF2
1.IR ntchito, wabwino kuwala transmittance
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Gawo la YVO4
1.Kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwabwino komanso thupi ndi makina
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Gawo la LaAlO3
1. Low dielectric constant
2. Low Microwave kutaya
3. Kutentha kwambiri kwa superconducting filimu yopyapyala
